Source: John E. Bauer, Kimberly M. Heinemann, Karen E. Bigley, George E. Lees, and Mark K. Waldron Both (n-3) and (n-6) classes of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA),4 which have >20 carbon atoms and >2 double bonds, are important in perinatal development. Brain and retinal functions depend on the (n-3) polyunsaturate, docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)] […]
Source: John E. Bauer, Kimberly M. Heinemann, George E. Lees, and Mark K. Waldron Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)5 is important for proper neurological development of humans and animals (1). In growing animals, 4 ways exist to meet the DHA requirement of neural tissues: uptake of DHA directly from dietary sources; desaturation and elongation of ALA within […]
Source: Nestlé Purina Pet Institute Research Report Both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important in perinatal development. Neural tissues in the brain and retina contain high concentrations of the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4 n-6), and the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3). During the last trimester of gestation, these […]
Source: John E. Bauer, Kimberly M. Heinemann, George E. Lees, and Mark K. Waldron In humans and animals, brain and retinal functions are dependent on the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6 n-3)5 during in utero development and postnatal life. The period of maximum brain growth in humans begins in the third trimester […]
Source: K. Heinemann, M. Waldron, K. Bigley, and J. Bauer Proper neural and retinal development of mammalian species depends on the presence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) during fetal development and the perinatal period. In canines, neural development occurs both during the perinatal period both before and after birth. This study was designed to […]
Source: A. Shanna Wright, John E. Bauer, Karen E. Bigley, George E. Lees, and Mark K. Waldron Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)4 are important for neonatal growth and development in all mammalian species studied to date. Normal fetal development requires the 18-carbon essential fatty acids as well as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) with 20- and […]
Source: KM Heinemann, MK Waldron, KE Bigley, GE Lees, and JE Bauer Long-chain PUFAs (LCPUFAs) are essential for proper neural and retinal development in many mammalian species. We investigated puppies born to dogs fed diets containing varying amounts of vegetable and marine (n-3) fatty acids during gestation/lactation. The fatty acid compositions of dogs’ milk and […]
Source: Charles R. Filburn, PhD and David Griffin, MS, DVM Cats lack an adequate liver capacity to synthesize the longer-chain omega (n-6 and n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) that, upon release into the blood, are incorporated into membrane phospholipids in many tissues and serve essential structural and signaling functions. The necessity and importance of a […]
Source: R.L. Kelley, A.J. Lepine, J.R. Burr, M. Shyan-Norwalt, and G.A. Reinhart To determine the effect of maternal and post-weaning dietary fish oil on trainability and DHA status in Beagle puppies. Methods: Twenty-eight (28) Beagle bitches (parity 2-3) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment (TRT) diets at breeding and maintained on those diets through weaning. […]
Source: KM Heinemann Analysis of data in puppies has revealed that feeding diets enriched in DHA to the dams during gestation and lactation and after weaning results in the accumulation of DHA in plasma lipids, which is associated with improvements in neurologic development, as indicated by the ERG response. Additional evidence has also emerged that […]
Source: Michel De Lorgeril and Patricia Salen In the recent years, the health effects of fish (and n-3 fatty acids) have attracted considerable scientific interest. The present consensus is that the cardioprotection of very long chain n-3 fatty acids (also called EPA and DHA) at the low dosage used in recent secondary prevention trials primarily […]
Source: JE Bauer The metabolism and clinical potential for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modifications using oil supplements containing n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are reviewed. Their use in such disorders as renal disease, inflammatory and immune-related disorders, and dermatological conditions in dogs and cats is discussed. The influence of n-3 fatty acid-rich rations on […]
Source: Jean A. Hall, Rebecca A. Picton, Monica M. Skinner, Dennis E. Jewell, and Rosemary C. Wander The purpose of this study was to determine whether the dose of (n-3) fatty acids (FA) administered, independent of the relative ratio of (n-6) to (n-3) FA in the food, influences plasma FA composition in dogs.Healthy female, geriatric […]
Source: George E. Billman, PhD; Jing X. Kang, MD, PhD; and Alexander Leaf, MD Background—Rat diets high in fish oil have been shown to be protective against ischemia-induced fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Increasing evidence suggests that this may also apply to humans. To confirm the evidence in animals, we tested a concentrate of the free fish-oil […]
Source: George E. Billman, Haifa Hallaq, and Alexander Leaf A specially prepared dog model of myocardial infarction was used to test the efficacy of the long-chain polyunsaturated fish oil 3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6 n-3) acids to prevent ischemiainduced malignant cardiac arrhythmias. The dogs had sustained a prior experimental myocardial infarction […]
Source: A Leaf Interest in the potential cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids has been largely focused on possible antiatherothrombotic effects. In addition, however, definitive antiarrhythmic effects of these dietary omega-3 fatty acids have been reported by Charnock & McLennan. Our studies commenced with the observation that two of these fatty acids, […]
Source: LM Freeman, JE Rush, JJ Kehayias, JN Ross Jr, SN Meydani, DJ Brown, GG Dolnikowski, BN Marmor, ME White, CA Dinarello and R Roubenoff Alterations in body composition and nutritional status are common in humans with heart failure and are related, in part, to increases in cytokine concentrations. Cytokines have not been studied previously […]
Source: Clare L. Curtis, Clare E. Hughes, Carl R. Flannery, Chris B. Little, John L. Harwood, and Bruce Caterson This study describes specific molecular mechanisms by which supplementation with n-3 fatty acids (i.e. those present in fish oils) can modulate the expression and activity of degradative and inflammatory factors that cause cartilage destruction during arthritis. […]
Source: WS Harris This review examines the effects of n-3 fatty acids on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in seven species of experimental animals. n-3 Fatty acids consistently lower serum triacylglycerol concentrations in humans but not in most animals. In addition, a common effect of n-3 fatty acids in animals is a marked reduction in […]
Source: KM Heinemann, MK Waldron, KE Bigley, GE Lees, and JE Bauer Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are essential for proper neural and retinal development in many mammalian species. A study investigated puppies born to dogs fed diets containing varying amounts of vegetable and marine omega-3 fatty acids during gestation/lactation. The fatty acid compositions of […]
Source: Scott A. Brown, Delmar R. Finco and Cathy A. Brown Dogs with spontaneous renal diseases frequently develop progressive uremia. After partial nephrectomy, a similar pattern of progressively declining renal function develops. This pattern may be attributed in part to the development of glomerular hypertension in remnant canine nephrons. Changes in the composition of dietary […]
Nutritional intervention plays a key role in the successful management of gastrointestinal disease. This article focuses on several novel areas of nutritional intervention that are becoming increasingly important in gastrointestinal disease, including short-chain fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and glutamine. Short-chain fatty acids are the principal end-products of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers and […]
Source: MV Pyzh, NA Gratsianskii, VL Golubykh, DV Borovinkov, and NV Barskaia The antithrombotic effect of fish oil (FO) cannot be explained by its action on platelets. FO may act on the activity of the fibrinolytic system. A food additive of the oil was studied for its effects on thrombosis and fibrinolysis in a canine […]
Source: MA Mooney, DM Vaughn, GA Reinhart, RD Powers, C Wright, CE Hoffman, SF Swaim, and HJ Baker To ascertain the effects of dietary omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids on biochemical and histopathologic components of the inflammatory stage of wound healing. ANIMALS: 30 purpose-bred Beagles. PROCEDURE: Dogs were allotted to 5 groups of 6. Each group […]
Source: Kim A. Selting, DVM, MS; Gregory K. Ogilvie, DVM; Daniel L. Gustafson, PhD; Michael E. Long, BS; Susan E. Lana, DVM, MS; Judy A. Walton; Rodney A. Hansen, PhD; A. Simon Turner, BVSc, MS; Irene Laible, BA; and Martin J. Fettman, DVM, PhD To determine the effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids on the […]
Source: K Komori, T Ishii, T Odashiro, H Itoh, K Mawatari, K Okadome, and K Sugimachi The present study examined the effect of purified eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) on intimal thickening of an autogenous vein graft. In addition, experiments were performed to determine whether EPA supplementation would alter the endothelium-dependent responses of the reversed vein graft. […]
Source: Charles R. Filburn, PhD and David Griffin, MS, DVM Cats lack an adequate liver capacity to synthesize the longer-chain omega (n-6 and n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) that, upon release into the blood, are incorporated into membrane phospholipids in many tissues and serve essential structural and signaling functions. The necessity and importance of a […]
Source: RW Landymore, MS Manku, M Tan, MA MacAulay, and B Sheridan The effects of low-dose cod-liver oil on intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts were examined in 45 adult mongrel dogs undergoing peripheral arterial reconstruction. Fifteen animals served as the control group, 15 animals were fed a fish-oil supplement containing 240 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid […]
Source: SA Brown, CA Brown, WA Crowell, JA Barsanti, CW Kang, T Allen, C Cowell, and DR Finco Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) alters the course of experimental kidney disease in dogs. In particular, supplementation with omega-6 PUFAs hastens the decline of kidney function, and omega-3 PUFAs are renoprotective. We investigated the early […]
Source: GF Grauer, DS Greco, EN Behrend, J Fettman, I Mani, DM Getzy, and GA Reinhart To evaluate the protective effects of dietary n-3 fatty acid supplementation versus treatment with a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (TXSI) in dogs given high-dose gentamicin. DESIGN: Clinicopathologic and renal histopathologic changes induced by gentamicin (10 mg/kg of body weight, IM, […]
Source: Gregory K. Ogilvie, Martin J. Fettman, Craig H. Mallinckrodt, Judy A. Walton, Rodney A. Hansen, Deborah J. Davenport, Kathy L. Gross, Kristi L. Richardson, Quinton Rogers, and Michael S. Hand BACKGROUND. Polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids have been shown to inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumors. This double-blind, randomized study was designed to evaluate […]
Source: RA Hansen, GK Ogilvie, DJ Davenport, KL Gross, JA Walton, KL Richardson, CH Mallinckrodt, MS Hand, and MJ Fettman To determine how long serum concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids remain elevated after cessation of dietary fish oil supplementation. ANIMALS: 12 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: Baseline serum concentrations of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), […]
Source: Andrew J. Irvine, Richard Butterwick, Timothy Watson, D. Joe Millward and Linda M. Morgan Obesity in dogs (>15% recommended body weight) is becoming increasingly common. It has been estimated to affect between 11 and 44% of the canine population, and has been linked to overfeeding and a sedentary lifestyle (1,2). There also appears to […]
Source: HJ Oskarsson, J Godwin, RM Gunnar, and JX Thomas Jr This study was conducted to determine whether the long-term administration of fish oil attenuates myocardial necrosis in an occlusion- reperfusion model of myocardial ischemia. BACKGROUND. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil have various biologic properties that may modify myocardial injury caused by severe […]
Source: RA Riemersma and CA Sargent Ventricular fibrillation (VF), a serious arrhythmia, is an important cause of death from ischaemic heart disease. There is substantial evidence that experimental diets with a high polyunsaturated (linoleic acid) to saturated fatty acid ratio offer protection against VF. In this article the effects of large amounts of dietary fish […]
Source: JA Hall, LR Henry, S Jha, MM Skinner, DE Jewell, and RC Wander The study objective was to determine the effect of feeding food enriched in (n-3) fatty acids (FA) on plasma FA profiles and leukotriene B (LTB) synthesis by stimulated peripheral blood neutrophils from dogs. For 36 weeks, two groups of dogs (n […]
Source: R Bond and DH Lloyd Eleven perennially affected atopic dogs which had previously responded poorly to dietary supplementation with a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil were studied to determine whether a concentrated essential fatty acid supplement containing gammalinolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid would reduce their prednisolone requirements. The prednisolone dose required […]
Source: CR Filburn and D Griffin Results of this study confirm that dietary supplementation in dogs with a natural source of omega-3 fatty acids (salmon oil), with a docosahexaenoic acid:eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA:EPA) ratio of 1.5:1, increases plasma and red blood cell levels of these fatty acids. Supplementation with this DHA-enriched oil improves the long-chain polyunsaturated […]
Source: SA Brown, CA Brown, A Crowell, JA Barsanti, T Allen, C Cowell, and DR Finco Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) alters the course of experimental renal disease in rats. However, chronic renal disease in other laboratory animals and in human beings frequently responds differently to experimental manipulations. We investigated the effects of […]
Source: Caroline Wilkins, MS; Robert C. Long Jr, PhD; Mark Waldron, PhD; Duncan C. Ferguson, VMD, PhD; and Margarethe Hoenig, Dr med vet, PhD To determine whether dietary fatty acids affect indicators of insulin sensitivity, plasma insulin and lipid concentrations, and lipid accumulation in muscle cells in lean and obese cats. Animals—28 neutered adult cats. […]
Source: HH Neumayer, M Heinrich, M Schmissas, H Haller, K Wagner, and FC Luft The hypothesis that dietary fish oil would protect dogs from ischemic acute renal failure was tested. Fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid, 55 mg/kg per day, and docosahexaenoic acid, 40 mg/kg per day was given to eight instrumented, female, beagle dogs for 6 […]
Source: BK Saevik, K Bergvall, BR Holm, LE Saijonmaa-Koulumies, A Hedhammar, S Larsen, and F Kristensen A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled multicentre clinical trial of 12 weeks’ duration was undertaken in 60 dogs with atopic dermatitis to evaluate the steroid sparing effect of essential fatty acid supplementation. The dogs were randomly assigned to receive either […]
Source: R Bond and DH Lloyd A randomised double-blind parallel study lasting eight weeks was used to assess the effects of olive oil in a group of atopic dogs whose clinical signs were well controlled by dietary supplementation with a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil. Nine of the 11 dogs which continued […]
Source: RG Harvey Twenty-one dogs with atopy were entered into a blinded, placebo-controlled study lasting eight weeks. They were randomly divided into three groups and were all given supplementary oils orally once daily. The dogs in groups A and B were given borage seed oil and fish oil in combination (Viacutan; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) to […]